Nutrients

N Nitrogen
B Boron
Cu Copper
Fe Iron
Mn Manganese
Mo Molybdenum
Zn Zinc

Coffee - Deformation

Symptoms
Leaves lose their color before developing necrotic patches on the margins. The secondary veins of younger leaves become prominent or 'ribbed' and leaves may become deformed, distorting into an S-shape. Young plant leaves may curve downwards starting from the bottom of the tree. This creates trees with a wilting, drooping growth habit.

Reasons
Copper deficiency Sorry there is no picture available at the moment. The widespread use of copper based fungiciedes means that Cu deficiencies are rarely seen.

Coffee - Deformation

Symptoms
Leaves lose their color before developing necrotic patches on the margins. The secondary veins of younger leaves become prominent or 'ribbed' and leaves may become deformed, distorting into an S-shape. Young plant leaves may curve downwards starting from the bottom of the tree. This creates trees with a wilting, drooping growth habit.

Reasons
Copper deficiency Sorry there is no picture available at the moment. The widespread use of copper based fungiciedes means that Cu deficiencies are rarely seen.

Copper deficiency vs. control made worse by

  • Organic soils
  • Chalky soils
  • Sandy soils
  • Reclaimed heathland
  • High nitrogen applications

Copper is important for

  • Activation of several plant enzymes and regulation of photosynthesis
  • Enhances lignin production, therefore strengthening of cell walls
  • Prevention of fungal diseases
  • Improved growth and yield